Since seizing power in a violent coup in Gaza in 2007, Hamas has fought four major armed conflicts with Israel and many smaller ones. The frequency of these conflicts and the amount of time it took for Israeli deterrence to erode between the rounds of fighting indicate consistent challenges to Israel’s attempts to contain Hamas in Gaza and keep the Gazan arena relatively stable.

This stands in stark contrast to the Lebanese arena, which has remained largely stable since the 2006 Second Lebanon War (though it presents its own growing challenges to long-term containment approaches).

There is no alternative ruling regime in sight for Gaza, and the Israeli defense establishment views any notion of a near-term Palestinian Authority ruling presence in the Strip as unrealistic.

Israel is determined not to return to ruling over some 2 million hostile Gazans and being responsible for their daily needs, so containing Hamas without toppling it has been Israel’s default approach since 2007. This was also true of the 11-day conflict that erupted in May,…

Since seizing power in a violent coup in Gaza in 2007, Hamas has fought four major armed conflicts with Israel and many smaller ones. The frequency of these conflicts and the amount of time it took for Israeli deterrence to erode between the rounds of fighting indicate consistent challenges to Israel’s attempts to contain Hamas in Gaza and keep the Gazan arena relatively stable.

This stands in stark contrast to the Lebanese arena, which has remained largely stable since the 2006 Second Lebanon War (though it presents its own growing challenges to long-term containment approaches).

There is no alternative ruling regime in sight for Gaza, and the Israeli defense establishment views any notion of a near-term Palestinian Authority ruling presence in the Strip as unrealistic.

Israel is determined not to return to ruling over some 2 million hostile Gazans and being responsible for their daily needs, so containing Hamas without toppling it has been Israel’s default approach since 2007. This was also true of the 11-day conflict that erupted in May,…

Since seizing power in a violent coup in Gaza in 2007, Hamas has fought four major armed conflicts with Israel and many smaller ones. The frequency of these conflicts and the amount of time it took for Israeli deterrence to erode between the rounds of fighting indicate consistent challenges to Israel’s attempts to contain Hamas in Gaza and keep the Gazan arena relatively stable.

This stands in stark contrast to the Lebanese arena, which has remained largely stable since the 2006 Second Lebanon War (though it presents its own growing challenges to long-term containment approaches).

There is no alternative ruling regime in sight for Gaza, and the Israeli defense establishment views any notion of a near-term Palestinian Authority ruling presence in the Strip as unrealistic.

Israel is determined not to return to ruling over some 2 million hostile Gazans and being responsible for their daily needs, so containing Hamas without toppling it has been Israel’s default approach since 2007. This was also true of the 11-day conflict that erupted in May,…

To date, Berlin and Paris have preferred to keep a low profile on the Ukrainian crisis. German Chancellor Olaf Scholz is unwilling to postpone the opening of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, and French President Emmanuel Macron is running for re-election in a country where pro-Russian sentiments run deep. However, U.S. pressure on Scholz and Macron in the post-Merkel era has pushed both leaders to be more vocal and united. Will the E.U.’s tougher stance help defuse the crisis?

Until a couple of months ago, Germany was run by Angela Merkel, who had Putin’s respect. Scholz, Merkel’s successor, is not as charismatic, and has been timid and passive on the Ukraine crisis. Scholz was summoned to Washington earlier this month, where officials complained that “Scholz has switched to mute.” Germany’s refusal to deliver weapons to Ukraine is causing frustration in Kyiv and among NATO members. After their White House meeting, Biden and Scholz tried to show a united front. Yet Scholz refused to refrain from activating the Nord…